In this guide, we’ll walk through all you need to know about eczema around the eyes, including:
- How do I know if I have eczema on my eyes?
- What causes eczema around the eyes?
- How to soothe feelings of dry, irritated skin associated with eczema on the eyes
How do I know if I have eczema on my eyes?
Many rashes, such as psoriasis, can look like eczema, so it’s always important to consult a dermatologist to correctly diagnose any skin condition. Dry, inflamed or itchy skin near the eye may be a result of eczema, also known as dermatitis.
Eczema on the face can appear in different places, including around the eyes. From on the eyelids to the skin under your eyes, there are some key signs you can look out for for dermatitis around the eyes.
What causes eczema around the eyes?
When discussing skin conditions around the eyes, it's important to understand that several types of eczema (also known as dermatitis) commonly affect this delicate area. It's also crucial to differentiate true eczema from other eye conditions that might have similar symptoms.
Common causes or triggers for eczema around the eyes can include:
- Irritation from makeup, beauty products, skincare, or detergents
- Irritation from certain medications
- Hayfever and exposure to airborne allergens
- Genetic predisposition and an impaired skin barrier
According to experts like the National Eczema Society, here are the three primary types of eczema that can affect the skin around the eyes:
1. Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a common cause of eczema under or on the eyes because of how thin and sensitive the surrounding skin is. This type of dermatitis can be caused by direct contact with either irritant substances or allergens.
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Occurs when the skin is damaged by direct contact with irritating substances like harsh makeup removers, certain cleansers, or detergents.
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An immune system reaction to a substance the skin has become sensitized to, such as ingredients in makeup (e.g., mascara, eyeshadow, foundation), fragrances, preservatives, or even airborne allergens that settle on the skin.
The National Eczema Society recommends that “if you think facial skin care products or make-up are having a negative effect on your skin, it is a good idea to go ‘bare-faced’ for a few days and see if that helps. If there is an improvement, start to re-introduce products one by one to establish whether any of them is causing the problem.”
Additionally, some medications can trigger contact dermatitis around the eyes, including certain eye drops (like atropine and neomycin) and even contact lens solutions. Speak to your doctor or dermatologist to discuss your options if you believe you have contact dermatitis.
2. Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is the most common and chronic type of eczema. It's often associated with a genetic predisposition and a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever (sometimes referred to as the 'atopic march'). It's caused by a combination of genetic factors, environmental triggers (like allergens and irritants), and an impaired skin barrier, which makes the skin less able to retain moisture and protect against external aggressors.
Around the eyes, atopic dermatitis can manifest as intensely itchy, dry, red, and swollen patches of skin. Chronic rubbing due to itching can lead to thickening of the skin (lichenification) and hyperpigmentation (darkening) around the eyes. Symptoms can be exacerbated by stress, infections, and changes in temperature or humidity.
3. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common type of eczema that affects areas of the body rich in sebaceous (oil-producing) glands, including the scalp, eyebrows, and the skin along the lash line of the eyelids. It appears as red, inflamed skin with characteristic greasy, yellowish scales or flakes. The exact cause is not fully known, but it's believed to involve an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast (a type of fungi) that normally lives on the skin, combined with an individual's immune response. Triggers can include stress, hormonal changes, certain medications, and neurological conditions.
Other Conditions with Similar Symptoms Around the Eyes
It's important to note that other conditions can cause symptoms around the eyes that might be mistaken for eczema. Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
Blepharitis
While not a type of eczema, Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause symptoms similar to eczema, such as redness, itching, swelling, and crusting along the lash line. It's a very common issue often linked to bacterial overgrowth on the eyelid (e.g., Staphylococcus) or issues with the oil glands along the eyelid margin. It can also be associated with skin conditions like Seborrhoeic Dermatitis or Rosacea.
Blepharitis can be itchy and may even feel like there is something underneath your eyelid. You can try using a warm flannel to gently compress the eye and cleanse the area. If the issue persists, a chemist or your doctor may also be able to recommend eye drops or other treatments to help clear and ease discomfort.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye), triggered by allergens. While it is an eye condition, not a skin condition or a type of eczema, it can cause very itchy, red, and watery eyes, and can sometimes lead to irritation or puffiness of the surrounding eyelid skin that might resemble eczema.
How to soothe feelings of dry, irritated skin associated with eczema on eyelids
While some forms of eczema are chronic, its symptoms are manageable, and flare-ups can often be prevented or reduced with proper care.
Avoid extreme temperatures
Avoid dramatic changes in temperature – your skin can dry out if it’s too hot or too cold. Cold and harsh weather can dry out your skin, so finding soothing products can help prepare your skin for winter (more on this later). Similarly, avoid hot showers or baths in favour of lukewarm temperatures that won’t strip your skin of essential oils and moisture.
Avoid rubbing your eyes
Friction and rough textures can make eczema worse, inflaming the skin, breaking the skin barrier, and making the area sore. Air drying or gently patting your skin dry rather than rubbing can also prevent irritation and minimise the discomfort of eczema on the eyes.
Use skincare to comfort and hydrate delicate, eczema-prone skin around the eyes
When it comes to the products you use, remember to always check the labels and learn what ingredients, if any, irritate your skin and can trigger eczema under the eyes. Choose gentle and non-foaming cleansers that keep your skin clear of impurities and moisturise every day and straight after a bath to lock in moisture. Products specifically designed for sensitive skin can help manage dermatitis flare-ups, including flare-ups of eczema on eyelids or around the eyes.
