- What are dark spots on the skin?
- Why do dark spots appear?
- Types of dark spots
- What causes the appearance of sunspots?
- The best products to prevent sunspots
What are dark spots on the skin?
These skin blemishes are a common aesthetic concern that arises when high levels of melanin are produced in a specific body region. This results in hyperpigmentation in the area. Dark spots appear most frequently on the face but also on the hands, neck and décolleté because these are parts of the body most exposed to the sun.
Why do dark spots appear?
Dark spots may appear for many different reasons, but the leading causes are:
- Sun exposure: This is the fundamental factor leading to the appearance of dark spots, especially if no photoprotection is used, such as sunscreen, protective clothing and shade. Sun exposure does not just cause spots during the summer since UV rays are present all year round.
- Genetic factors: Certain skin phototypes or skin tones have a greater likelihood of producing dark spots on the skin. Specifically, darker skin and higher phototypes are more likely to develop this type of spot.
- Hormonal changes: In women, the risk of dark spots increases if hormonal changes occur. These may be due to the use of contraceptives, pregnancy, or menopause, as such changes can alter the formation of melanin in different areas.
- Photoageing: The effect of free radicals and solar radiation damage can cause enhanced skin ageing, known as photoageing. This results in a weakening of the skin's natural protection, which makes it more prone to developing dark spots.
- Ageing: Natural ageing is one of the leading causes of dark spots on the skin. This is because, as we age, the number of melanocytes is reduced, which are cells that produce melanin as a form of protection against the damaging effects of the sun. Those still present in the skin tend to achieve a more focused distribution, so it is common for them to accumulate in some areas, forming dark spots on the skin.
Types of dark spots
There are different types of dark spots, depending on their characteristics:
Sunspots
Sunspots are oval or round in shape, flat and usually dark brown in colour. These spots generally occur when the skin is not able to maintain its condition after excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. They usually appear in areas most exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, hands and arms.
Senile spots
Senile spots on the skin, also known as senile lentigines, can vary in color from light to dark brown, and are usually small and rounded in shape. They can be caused by genetics or ageing, hence the name "senile spots." Lentigines can appear anywhere on the body and may increase in number with age.
Pregnancy spots
Facial spots during pregnancy, also called pregnancy masks, are related to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. They are usually coffee-with-milk-coloured brown plaques, which appear on the cheeks, forehead and nose.
Melasma
A melasma is a dark, flat spot that appears on the skin, usually on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. It is more common in women and is mainly associated with hormonal changes.
Freckles
These are small brown or black spots that appear on the skin, usually on the face, neck and shoulders. They are more common in people with fair skin and develop due to genetic factors.
Nevus or moles
These are darker patches of skin that can be of different sizes and shapes. Some may be flat, while others may have a raised shape. Some nevi may be present at birth, while others develop over time.
Birthmarks
Birthmarks are spots on the skin that are present at birth or appear shortly after birth. They can vary in size, shape, and color and may be present anywhere on the body.
Remember that it is always important to consult a Dermatologist to check out any new or changing spots on the skin, as they may be a sign of an underlying health problem.
What causes the appearance of sunspots?
Sun exposure is the main factor in the appearance of this type of spot. The skin has cells called melanocytes that produce melanin as a form of protection against the damaging effects of the sun. When the skin is exposed to the sun, melanocytes produce melanin to absorb UV radiation and protect the deeper layers of the skin and the DNA of the cells. However, in some of these areas, such as the face, arms, and shoulders, melanin production and the cells that produce melanin can be altered, resulting in the formation of sunspots.
How can you avoid dark spots?
We are always reminded of the importance of using appropriate sunscreen to prevent or reduce the appearance of dark spots but here are some additional tips protect against the appearance of dark spots
Use a sunscreen with high SPF
The use of sunscreen with a broad spectrum sun protection is essential to protect the skin from damage caused by UV radiation. Our sunscreens are formulated with state-of-the-art technology and are suitable for many different skin types. In addition, many sunscreens are formulated with antioxidants and will help protect against free radicals that can contribute to premature signs of skin ageing.
Use targeted skincare for dark spots & hyperpigmentation
Skincare formulations designed for hyperpigmentation help reduce the look of dark spots and uneven skin tone. Key ingredients frequently used in these formulations include glycolic acid, lactic acid, vitamin C, and niacinamide.
Melasyl™ is an ingredient with a new mode of action . It intercepts excess melanin at a different stage of it's production, before it marks the skin. Melasyl™ is the result of 18 years of research at La Roche-Posay.
Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 widely used in skincare for its multi-benefit properties. Niacinamide is known to help improve skin barrier function and reduce the look of dark spots or hyperpigmentation. It provides a gentle option suitable for sensitive skin.
Products to Help Protect Against the Appearance of Dark Spots
Visibly reduce the appearance of dark spots and protect against future discoloration with Mela B3 Serum and Anthelios Anti-Dark Spots SPF50+ — a daily skincare routine recommended or skin prone to hyperpigmentation.
Mela B3 Serum is a targeted serum formulated with Melasyl™ and Niacinamide to help reduce the appearance of dark spots and help prevent the look of new discoloration.
Anthelios Anti-Dark Spots SPF50+ provides broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protection against sun exposure — a primary factor contributing to premature signs of ageing and the appearance of dark spots. It is formulated with Melasyl™ and UV filter Mexoryl 400, our most efficient UV protection against the most penetrative UV Rays*
Mexoryl 400. Ultra-long UVA rays [380 – 400nm.] UVA causes premature ageing. For more information contact: https://www.laroche-posay.co.uk/en_GB/customer-service-contact-us.html
Mela B3 Serum
Finally, our anti-hyperpigmentation innovation MELA B3 Serum helps reduce the appearance of dark spots—even persistent ones. It works to fade the appearance of existing discoloration and promotes a more radiant, even-looking skin tone.. MELA B3 is suitable for skin prone to hyperpigmentation caused by external factors such as sun exposure, aging, and post-blemish marks.
Developed with dermatologists, MELA B3 combines our multi-patented Melasyl™ ingredient—which intercepts excess melanin at a different stage of its production, before it marks the skin—with Niacinamide. Formulated to respect the skin's natural balance, MELA B3 is suitable for all skin tones and types, including sensitive skin. Dark spots clinically reduced for 94%
50 subjects, instrumental measurement of size of overall area of dark spots after 12 weeks.
Anthelios Anti-Dark Spots SPF50+
Anthelios Anti-Dark Spots SPF50+ is a light-weight, non-greasy fluid specifically formulated to help to protect against sun-induced dark spots and hyperpigmentation. Enriched with MelasylTM, it targets tone evenness, skin radiance and the intensity and visibility of dark spots. The formula protects against UVA and UVB rays and features UV Filter Mexoryl 400, our most efficient UV protection against the most penetrative UV Rays
In short, sun protection and formulas with targeted hyperpigmentation components are two effective ways to help target dark spots and keep skin looking healthy and radiant. Whatever type of skin or blemish you have, La Roche-Posay has formulations and sunscreens for all skin types.
*Mexoryl 400. Ultra-long UVA rays [380 – 400nm.] UVA causes premature ageing. For more information contact: https://www.laroche-posay.co.uk/en_GB/customer-service-contact-us.html
In short, sun protection and depigmenting components are two of the most important aspects when it comes to combating these skin blemishes and keeping skin healthy looking and radiant. Whatever type of skin blemishes you have, La Roche Posay has formulations and sunscreens for all skin types, with various compounds according to your needs.
